Selection Sort: One of the Simplest Sorting Algorithms with the Least Swaps Implementation Method

Selection Sort is a fundamental sorting algorithm in computer science. Due to its simple logic and the minimum number of swaps, it is the first choice for beginners to get started. The core idea of Selection Sort is to divide the array into two parts: sorted and unsorted. In each iteration, the smallest element in the unsorted part is found and swapped with the first element of the unsorted part, gradually expanding the sorted part until the entire array is sorted. For example, for the array [64, 25, 12, 22, 11], through multiple rounds of finding the minimum element and swapping (such as swapping 11 to the first position in the first round and 12 to the second position in the second round), an ascending order can be achieved. Selection Sort involves the minimum number of swaps (at most n-1 swaps). Its time complexity is O(n²) (for all best, worst, and average cases), while the space complexity is only O(1). Its advantages include simplicity, low swap cost, and minimal space requirements. However, its drawbacks are low time efficiency and being an unstable sort (the relative order of equal elements may change). It is suitable for sorting small-scale data or scenarios where swap count is sensitive (e.g., embedded systems). Mastering Selection Sort helps in understanding the core ideas of sorting and laying a foundation for learning more complex algorithms.